Amplification is the heart of any system and to improve it, I suggest you focus on three main areas.

These can be broadly grouped into: reducing integration, obtaining better-engineered/built equipment, and better bang-per-buck, meaning pre-owned, older equipment. Let’s examine each of these.

Levels of Integration

Integration refers to how many different functions are crammed into one box. in order of most to least integrated, we have:

• All-in-one radiograms etc
• Receivers
• Integrated amplifiers
• Stereo power amplifiers
• Mono power amplifier

The simplest solution is called a radiogram, stereogram, 3-in-1 etc and we generally don’t consider these hi-fi, so I won’t cover them here.

Next, we have the receiver. Receivers are a power amplifier, preamplifier and tuner in one box. All are a series of many compromises, the smaller, the more compromised. Epic receivers like this Sansui G-8000 are less compromised but still compromised compared to separate tuner, preamplifier and power amplifier.

One level less integration is to get rid of the tuner part, leaving you with what we call an integrated amplifier – a combined preamplifier and power amplifier in a box. Examples include these two beauties and hundreds of others.

Integrated amplifiers work well for many and are an acceptable compromise for those want to save money and have a decent, if not incredible sounding system. They are still filled with many compromises though, even at the stratospheric high end of integrated amplifiers, like the Accuphase E-800 class A integrated amplifier. This pales when compared to seperate components from the same company.

The least integrated and therefore best-performing amplifier solution comes in the form of separate preamplifier/power amplifier combinations, like my Accuphase C-280V and P-360 for example. Note that Ive recently replaced the P-360 with the best stereo power amplifier Accuphase makes, the A-75. That said, the stereo power amplifier is the least compromised option many people end up with and it is a suitable stopping point for many in terms of increased performance.

Even with a stereo power amplifier like the A-75, there are still compromises, just fewer of them. The ultimate power amplifier solution, other things being equal, is to have dual mono power amplifiers. In terms of Accuphase equipment, that would mean purchasing two Accuphase A-300s!

If there’s one takeaway here I want you to understand that integration is the enemy of performance. The best solutions are always the least integrated ones. So if you want to improve your amplification, reduce its level of integration.

Build & Engineering

I’ve written about this a lot over the years but there is no special new technology that makes a modern amplifier in 2023 any better than a vintage amplifier from the ’70s or ’80s. There are lots of reductions in build quality and engineering though that make the older gear often significantly more desirable, better performing and longer lasting.

In terms of design, engineering and build though, you want features like separate transformers for each channel, or even for different parts of the amplifier like the phono preamp for example. Output devices are important and MOSFETs often tend to sound warmer and smoother than bipolar devices, other things being equal. Balanced designs are preferable to single-ended ones an offer significant advantages technically and therefore sonically. Class A is also a highly desirable design feature and one I’ve written about separately.

Age

OK, so why do I go on about age in this context? Simply because back in the day, labour costs were lower, and engineering and manufacturing standards were less compromised by the search to build things more cheaply. I’m fortunate to have worked on most equipment from most of the major manufacturers over the years and without exception, I can draw a line through the changes in build quality and engineering and find a broad peak running from the mid-1970s through to the mid-1990s. In some cases, the design and quality were even higher back in the 1950s and 1960s.

Fidelity

Waveform fidelity can be considered the precision with which signals are amplified. Technically, this covers dynamic fidelity too, but it’s worth thinking of them separately, as it allows us to discuss great sounding low powered amplifiers, too. Waveform fidelity is ultimately determined by the quality of design and components used, how many corners are cut, or not cut etc.

Dynamic fidelity relates to the ability to replay the full dynamic range of the music and comes down to how many output devices there are and the rail voltages supplying them, amongst other things. To be able to reproduce the full range of sounds from soft to loud, within your listening envelope, and with the sensitivity of your speakers in mind as this is critical, a certain amplifier power output will be required.

Options

The easiest way forward for most owners of basic receivers and integrated amplifiers is to purchase a better integrated amplifier, like an Accuphase E-202 or E-303, Krell KAV-300i, Luxman L-550, Pioneer SA-9800, Sansui AU-919, Technics SU-V8, Yamaha CA-2010, and there are many, many others.

The very best way forward is a preamplifier/power amplifier combo, again, of which there are many. This will take up more space, but it is the ultimate solution and keeps small signal and large signal circuits largely separate. Wanna go super-ultimate? You’ll need two mono-bloc power amplifiers to go with your high-end preamplifier. The best bang per buck will always come from older gear.

Power

Regarding power, read this: https://liquidaudio.com.au/faq/are-low-power-amplifiers-acceptable-in-hi-fi-systems/ and this: https://liquidaudio.com.au/faq/how-important-is-it-to-match-amplifier-power-output-with-speaker-sensitivity/.

Power is important, there’s no getting away from that, but some of the very best-sounding amplifiers are lowish-powered class-A designs. They have dynamic limits that must be respected though and using one might require a tradeoff of improved fidelity for reduced dynamic capabilities, or more sensitive speakers.

Conventional speakers of around 87 – 89dB/Watt sensitivity will, in most cases, require around 100 Watts per channel to achieve moderate dynamic realism without clipping or compression in most environments. Low-level listening and high-sensitivity speakers change that picture, allowing for less power. Bigger rooms, less sensitive speakers and those that demand realistic sound pressure levels will require much more power.

Regarding amplifier types for different use cases, read this, and this.

Signs of the Best Amplifiers

I often tell customers that you can look at the design, engineering and execution and pretty much tell how good a piece of equipment will be in most cases. Sure, you need to listen to confirm that you like the sound, but good designs invariable sound good, and bad ones, bad.

In terms of what to look out for, this is heavily influenced by budget as this will include some features and exclude others.

• Avoid very low-powered amplifiers, except for low-level listening and/or very sensitive (ie non-standard) speakers
• Avoid very cheap amplifiers because you get what you pay for and good equipment is never cheap
• Avoid integration wherever you can
• Look for class-A, MOSFET output devices, and seriously heavy build
• Generally the heaviest, most expensive (when new) equipment is going to be the path to take. Nothing really good is lightweight or cheap to buy, except something digital like maybe a Wiim.

Regarding equipment you currently own, maintaining gear you love is always worthwhile and spending money on it will improve it, if that work is done by a competent technician. Just keep in mind that, no matter what parts are installed, you cannot make a piece of basic gear into a high-end killer, no matter how many WIMA capacitors a technician installs.

Most people should look to a significant equipment improvement, requiring a significant outlay. If budget is the overriding factor, I suggest saving and waiting until your budget allows for the purchase of equipment that significantly improves on your current amplifier.

Summary

1. Reduce integration, improve quality, engineering
2. For sonic improvements, you have to move forward, not sideways
3. To improve on a basic integrated amplifier, you need a better, more expensive design with less integration
4. Good advice is critical to making the right decisions, bad advice leads to the wrong ones

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